CPO is a highly integrated electro-optical interconnect technology that evolved from NPO. Today, data centers use a separate approach for optics and electronics, in which optical modules are connected to switches and routers through high-speed electrical interfaces. This helps data move faster and saves power. They make the signal path much shorter, from centimeters to millimeters. From Jensen Huang showcasing CPO switches at GTC 2025 to a wide range of vendors demonstrating optical engines integrated inside ASIC packages at OFC 2025, CPOs are everywhere. However, it's worth noting that Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Arista and a long-standing visionary in data centre. CPO stands for Co-packaged Optics.